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1993-04-23
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 9ll09. TELEPHONE (213) 354-5011
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Five radio telescopes in Australia and a sixth in
South
Africa were synchronously operated for the first time as a
single radio telescope as wide as half the world from April
20 through May 3, l982.
The project to operate the telescopes in unison as
a single instrument to observe astronomical radio sources,
called "very long baseline interferometry" (VLBI), was
jointly
directed by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial
Research Organization (CSIRO) division of radiophysics and
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.
The resolving capability of both optical and radio
telescopes is governed by the size of the aperture; the
larger the aperture, the smaller the observable detail.
Through computer processing, several radio telescopes
thousands
of miles apart are pointed at the same object and produce
the same angular resolution as would a single radio telescope
several thousand miles in diameter. Thus the most distant
and powerful sources known in the universe -- quasars and
radio galaxies known to be as far away as 20 thousand million
light years -- can be observed in great detail with networks
of radio telescopes.
The VLBI technique is also useful for geodesy. By
measuring the difference in the time of arrival of quasar
signals at two antennas, the relative locations of the two
-more-
While the VLBI technique is commonly used in the
northern hemisphere for astronomy and geodesy, the Australian
experiment is the first time that VLBI has been used for
detailed mapping of radio sky sources and high accuracy
geodesy in the southern hemisphere. The precisely measured
locations of the radiotelescopes will make it possible to
monitor crustal motion in Australia.
A more advanced VLBI system is expected to be in
full
operation in Australia by l988.
VLBI data collected on videotape at each site will
be combined and computer-processed at JPL to determine
accurate
antenna positions and to produce images of the observed
sources.
The high resolution capabilities of the telescope
system were used to investigate structure in the nucleus of
the nearest giant radio galaxy, Centaurus A. Sagitarius A, î
in the center of the Milky Way, was also observed. In all,
about 30 quasars and galaxies were studied in the two weeks
of arraying of the telescopes.
Principal investigators of the experiment are Dr.
Robert A. Preston of JPL and Dr. David L. Jauncey of the
CSIRO.
###
#993
5/20/82MBM